American Journal of Advanced Scientific Research

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ РЕЧЕВОЙ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТИ УЧАЩИХСЯ НАЧАЛЬНЫХ КЛАССОВ ПОСРЕДСТВОМ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ

2025-06-03T10:04:37+05:00

В данной статье рассматривается использование современных технологий в формировании речеводной компетенции учащихся начальных классов посредством самостоятельной работы, применение современных методов в обучении, организация самостоятельной работы в соответствии с заданием PIRLS на уроках родного языка.

THE ARABIC LANGUAGE: A KEY TO CIVILIZATION, CULTURE, AND MODERNITY

2025-06-03T09:13:15+05:00

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the significance of the Arabic language in a global context. It examines its historical role as the language of sacred texts and scientific knowledge during the Islamic Golden Age, its unique linguistic features, including the triliteral root system and the phenomenon of diglossia, as well as its contemporary status as an official
language in numerous countries and one of the key languages of the UN. Special attention is given to the influence of Arabic on other cultures and its relevance in the context of modern education and intercultural dialogue. The article aims to underscore the enduring importance of the Arabic language as a bridge between the past and present, offering access to a rich civilizational and cultural heritage.

APPLYING CURRENT APPROACHES TO THE TEACHING OF READING

2025-06-03T09:16:25+05:00

This article explores the contemporary methods used in teaching reading, focusing on the constructivist, interactive, metacognitive, and multisensory approaches. With an emphasis on active learning, critical thinking, and individualized instruction, the article discusses how these methods enhance reading comprehension and promote a love of reading among students. Furthermore, the impact of technology on reading instruction is examined, highlighting both the opportunities and challenges faced by educators. The article also addresses the difficulties in applying these methods, such as teacher training, resource disparity, and time constraints, and offers solutions to overcome these barriers. By analyzing the effectiveness of current approaches, the article provides a comprehensive overview of modern reading instruction strategies and their significance in the
evolving educational landscape.

THE CULTURAL HISTORY OF THE TIMURID EMPIRE: AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS

2025-06-03T09:18:37+05:00

The Timurid Empire (1370–1507), established by Timur the Lame, is widely recognized not only for its military conquests but also for fostering a remarkable cultural renaissance across Central Asia and beyond. This paper presents a comprehensive examination of the cultural history of the Timurid period, emphasizing its architectural innovations, artistic achievements, literary
productions, and scientific advancements. By synthesizing Persian, Turkic-Mongol, and Islamic influences, the Timurid Empire created a distinct cultural identity that significantly shaped the artistic and intellectual traditions of the Islamic world. The
empire’s patronage system, urban development, and scholarly networks contributed to a rich cultural milieu whose legacy continues to inspire contemporary studies in history, art, and literature.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ТРАНСПОРТНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ГРУЗОПЕРЕВОЗОК В УЗБЕКИСТАНЕ

2025-06-03T09:21:46+05:00

Статья посвящена анализу динамики грузоперевозок железнодорожным транспортом в Республике Узбекистан за период 2000–2023 годов. На основе статистических данных исследуются изменения грузооборота по видам транспорта, выявляются ключевые тенденции и структурные сдвиги в транспортной системе страны. Железнодорожный транспорт демонстрирует устойчивый рост объёмов перевозок (80,7%) и увеличение доли в общем грузообороте (с 27,47% до 34,92%), подтверждая свою стратегическую роль. Особое внимание уделено влиянию государственных программ модернизации инфраструктуры, электрификации путей и интеграции в международные транспортные коридоры. В заключении предложены меры по дальнейшему развитию отрасли, включая техническое обновление,
развитие мультимодальных перевозок и повышение экологической эффективности.

КОНЦЕПТ “ДОМ” КАК КУЛЬТУРНЫЙ ФЕНОМЕН: ЕГО ЗНАЧЕНИЕ И ФУНКЦИИ

2025-06-03T09:25:46+05:00

Концепт "ДОМ" представляет собой многозначный культурный феномен, который выходит за рамки физического пространства. Он играет ключевую роль в жизни человека, являясь не только местом для проживания, но и символом безопасности, уюта, социальной структуры и личной идентичности. Дом служит важным элементом в социальной жизни,
формируя взаимодействие внутри семьи и общества, а также отражает культурные и исторические особенности. В контексте современности, когда появляются новые подходы к жилищным условиям и урбанизация изменяет
восприятие дома, этот концепт сохраняет свое значение как символ устойчивости и личной свободы. Исследование концепта "ДОМ" позволяет глубже понять взаимосвязь пространства и культуры, а также важность этого феномена в жизни человека.

РОЛЬ ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНОГО ТРАНСПОРТА В ГРУЗОПЕРЕВОЗКАХ УЗБЕКИСТАНА: СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ

2025-06-03T09:29:16+05:00

Статья посвящена анализу динамики грузоперевозок и грузооборота в Республике Узбекистан за период 2015–2023 годов на основе статистических данных. Рассматриваются объемы перевозок различными видами транспорта (автомобильный, железнодорожный, трубопроводный, воздушный), их вклад в общую транспортную систему и показатели грузонапряженности железнодорожной инфраструктуры. Установлено, что автомобильный транспорт доминирует (85–91% от общего объема), тогда как железнодорожный и трубопроводный транспорт демонстрируют меньший
рост и снижение доли. Грузооборот вырос на 18%, что указывает на сокращение средней дальности перевозок. Особое внимание уделено низкой грузонапряженности железных дорог (4.37 млн т-км/км в 2023 году), что свидетельствует о неэффективном использовании инфраструктуры по сравнению с международными стандартами. Предложены меры по
модернизации транспортной системы, включая электрификацию железных дорог, развитие мультимодальных перевозок и интеграцию в международные транспортные коридоры.

MILLIMETER WAVES AND ULTRA-HIGH FREQUENCY TECHNOLOGIES: A NEW STAGE IN MOBILE COMMUNICATION

2025-06-03T09:31:35+05:00

Millimeter waves (mmWave) and ultra-high frequency technologies represent a key direction in the development of mobile
communications of the fifth and sixth generations. The article discusses the physical and technical features of wave propagation, architectural solutions to overcome limitations (beamforming, massive MIMO, intelligent reflective surfaces), as well as real-world implementation scenarios in the United States, South Korea, Japan, and Europe. Special attention is paid to the future role of mmWave in 6G networks and the possibilities of ultra-high-speed data transmission.

STUDY OF LEARNING MOTIVATION AND SELF-CONFIDENCE THROUGH PRACTICAL EXPERIMENTATION

2025-06-03T09:34:10+05:00

This article analyzes the relationship between students’ learning motivation and their level of self-confidence based on practical experimentation. Motivation is considered a crucial factor for success in education and self-development. During the study, training sessions aimed at increasing self-confidence were conducted, resulting in positive changes in students’ attitudes toward learning. Methodological approaches grounded in psychological and pedagogical theories were applied. The results indicate that self-confident students demonstrate higher learning motivation, actively engage in complex tasks, and strive for independent learning.

THE ROLE OF THE INSTITUTE OF THE ASSISTANT KHOKIM IN REDUCING THE LEVEL OF POVERTY IN OUR COUNTRY

2025-06-03T09:38:42+05:00

This article, based on scientific and analytical considerations, examines various socio-political views, measures, and approaches to defining the essence of the concept of poverty and its evaluation criteria. The issues of creating an institutional system of interaction between mahallas and khokimiyats, introducing the position of assistant khokim and his reforms in poverty reduction
were considered. Considerations are presented on the implementation of a new approach and accumulated national experience in improving the living conditions of the population in the regions, developing entrepreneurship, reducing poverty and
increasing the effectiveness of social support programs. The implementation of the “Seven opportunities and responsibilities for low-income families” principle within the framework of the “From poverty to prosperity” program was described. Scientific conclusions and recommendations of socio-political significance have also been made regarding the types, characteristics, and classification of the concept of poverty. In the process of covering the content of the article, the necessary concepts and expressions are covered in detail, as well as brief, clear comments on them are given.

НЕМАТОДЫ ДОМАШНИХ И ДИКИХ ПТИЦ ОТРЯДА КУРООБРАЗНЫХ - GALLIFORMES СЕВЕРО-ВОСТОЧНОГО УЗБЕКИСТАНА

2025-06-03T09:41:12+05:00

В этот стати современная фауна гельминтов курообразных птиц Узбекистана представлена 17 видами, принадлежащими к классам Nematoda. Общая зараженность исследованных птиц гельминтами составила 51.1%. Интенсивность инвазии колебалась от единицы до десятков экземпляров. У зараженных курообразных цестоды представлены 9 видами, трематоды – 11 и нематоды 17 видами. Впервые для фауны гельминтов курообразных 10 видов нематод родов Capillaria, Aonchotheca, Ascaridia, Heterakis, Dispharynx, Tetrameres, Ornithofilaria.

THE STRUCTURAL ARRANGEMENT OF COMPOSITIONAL ELEMENTS IN POETIC STORIES

2025-06-03T09:43:13+05:00

This article analyzes the placement of compositional elements in modern Uzbek poetic stories, their functional role, their harmony with poetic structure, and their importance in expressing the artistic idea. The main aim of the article is to identify the internal structure of the poetic story and theoretically substantiate its aesthetic value by revealing the compositional consistency in the development of events and the movement of characters

HISTORICAL THEMES IN WOMEN'S PROSE WITH A FOCUS ON PEARL S. BUCK

2025-06-03T09:52:08+05:00

This article examines how historical themes are portrayed in women's prose, with a particular focus on Pearl S. Buck’s narrative strategies. Buck, an American Nobel laureate, is celebrated for her vivid depictions of Chinese peasant life and for embedding history within female-centered narratives. The study explores how Buck’s protagonists—often women negotiating societal change—serve as vehicles for broader historical commentary. By centering female voices, Buck challenges traditional male-dominated historical discourse and foregrounds the emotional and domestic dimensions of cultural transformation. The methodology combines literary analysis with historical contextualization to assess Buck’s unique contribution to both feminist and historical fiction. The article also reflects on how Buck’s bicultural identity influenced her ability to mediate Eastern and Western historical
perspectives. Ultimately, this paper argues that Buck’s prose exemplifies how women’s writing not only preserves historical memory but also redefines it through gendered experience.

"TEACHING NEW WORDS RELATED TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY THROUGH ROLE-PLAYS IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE LESSONS"

2025-06-03T09:54:26+05:00

In today’s digital world, the rapid development of Information Technology (IT) has introduced a wide array of new terms into the Russian language. For students learning Russian—whether as a native or foreign language—mastering IT-related vocabulary is essential for effective communication in academic and professional contexts. This article explores the use of role-play as a dynamic teaching method for presenting and reinforcing new Russian vocabulary related to IT. Role-plays simulate real-life scenarios such as tech support conversations, software development meetings, and digital product pitches, which help learners practice using specialized terms in meaningful, communicative contexts. The article draws on principles from Russian linguodidactics and modern language teaching methodology to demonstrate how role-plays enhance lexical acquisition, contextual understanding, and communicative competence. Special attention is given to learner motivation, collaboration, and the integration of IT vocabulary into active speech.

РОЛЬ КНИГ В УСТРАНЕНИИ ДЕФИЦИТОВ РЕЧИ У ДЕТЕЙ

2025-06-03T10:02:47+05:00

В статье анализируются нарушения речи у детей школьного возраста, их виды и причины. В статье рассматриваются основные нарушения речи, такие как проблемы произношения, ограниченный словарный запас, заикание и нарушение логического общения. Также рассматриваются физиологические, социально-психологические и современные технологические аспекты влияния на нарушения речи. В качестве способов преодоления проблем рекомендуются такие методы, как ранняя диагностика, создание надлежащей речевой среды, поощрение чтения, поощрение устной
речи, ограничение использования электронных устройств и развитие речи посредством игр. В статье подчеркивается важность совместных усилий семьи, школы и специалистов в решении проблем речевых нарушений.

THE SYSTEM OF FORMING THE NATIONAL WORLDVIEW OF FUTURE TEACHERS

2025-06-03T09:08:48+05:00

This article analyzes the need to form a national worldview of future teachers, its content, components, and influencing factors. It also shows effective ways to form a worldview based on national values, historical memory, language, culture, and spiritual heritage.

GENDER STEREOTYPES IN THE MILITARY FAMILY AND THEIR CONTENT

2025-06-03T10:07:20+05:00

Currently, the qualitative composition of female military personnel has changed significantly. The segment of female military personnel with a full military education has expanded. Their motivation for choosing military service is increasingly professional. And the military profession is perceived by the majority of military personnel, especially those with officer ranks, as a leading and long-term labor activity. These trends determine a new perspective on the role of women in the army and, as a result, a qualitatively different level of gender interaction between military personnel.

SAYYID SHARIF JURJANI’S “TAʿRIFAT” LITHOGRAPHIC EDITIONS

2025-06-03T10:09:36+05:00

This article is dedicated to the study of lithographic editions of Taʿrifat, a work by Sayyid Sharif Jurjani. Although no manuscript copies of this work are preserved in Uzbekistan's major collections, the text remains influential, with several lithographic editions published during the 19th and early 20th centuries. The article presents detailed information about these editions, including publication locations, publishers, number of pages, sizes, and the collections in which they are currently held.

PHILOSOPHICAL-LOGICAL OF TERMS EXPRESSION IN SAYYID SHARIF JURJANI'S "TA'RIFAT"

2025-06-03T10:11:44+05:00

This article analyzes philosophical, logical, and dialectical terms found in the classical work Ta' rifat . Each concept is compared with its modern interpretations to reveal its historical and contextual significance. The influence of the original definitions on contemporary philosophical thought is also examined.

SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS OF STREET AND ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE AROUND HISTORICAL MONUMENTS IN SAMARKAND: TOWARDS INTEGRATED URBAN PRESERVATION AND MOBILITY

2025-06-03T10:14:04+05:00

This scientific article presents a comprehensive analysis of the street and road infrastructure surrounding historical monuments in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Using a GIS-based methodology, the study evaluates how existing transport systems affect both mobility and the preservation of cultural heritage sites such as Registan Square, Bibi-Khanym Mosque, and Shah-i-Zinda. The research
identifies key spatial conflicts—such as traffic congestion, inadequate pedestrian access, and buffer zone encroachment—that pose risks to the integrity of these monuments. Based on spatial data, field surveys, and stakeholder input, the authors
propose practical recommendations including the introduction of traffic buffer zones, smart traffic systems, and non-motorized transport alternatives. The findings highlight the urgent need for integrated urban planning strategies that balance the
goals of heritage conservation and sustainable mobility. This article is intended for urban planners, conservationists, and municipal authorities working in historical cities.

ВИБРАЦИОННОЕ ИСПЫТАНИЕ АДАПТИВНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ

2025-06-03T10:17:05+05:00

широко используется вибрационный метод испытаний, при котором можно изучить колебания модели системы при амплитудах, отвечающих работе конструкции как в пределах, так и за пределами упругости. В данной работе рассматриваются особенности сейсмической изоляции конструкций с использованием свайных систем и вибрационного
метода испытаний. Основной целью исследования является определение динамических характеристик фрагмента фундамента при различных условиях сейсмоизоляции, включая наличие и отсутствие неупругих выключающихся
связей. Испытания проводились на фрагменте фундамента, состоящем из системы свай, объединённых металлическим ростверком.

IMPROVING THE MANAGEMENT OF PRIVATE CLINICS

2025-06-03T10:23:45+05:00

This article examines the importance of private clinic management, effective organization of work, project management, management and marketing issues. Based on the findings obtained as a result of the analysis of private clinics, conclusions and proposals for improving the activities of private clinics were developed.

PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPING THE INSURANCE SYSTEM IN UZBEKISTAN

2025-06-03T10:26:04+05:00

This in the article insurance system, its personal in society importance about word Insurance in the system world experience and in our republic this process with related without being observed problems illuminating is given.

ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS, THEIR RANGE OF APPLICATION AND ADVANTAGES OF MODERN ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS

2025-06-03T10:30:18+05:00

Arrhythmias of the heart continue to be a leading cause of death and disability. Despite their limited efficacy and the possibility of serious adverse proarrhythmic effects, antiarrhythmic medications (AADs) and antiarrhythmic agents continue to be a mainstay of modern cardiac arrhythmia treatment. The number of new antiarrhythmic targets and drugs in the development pipeline has
significantly declined over the past few decades due to conceptual, regulatory, and economical factors. There are still a number of intriguing options, though, and there have been some exciting advancements in the repurposing and reformulation of already-approved medications for use in cardiac arrhythmia-related diseases. This review outlines new compounds and formulations currently in clinical development for the rhythm regulation of atrial fibrillation, examines the important conceptual issues for the development of new antiarrhythmic medications, and emphasizes the possibility of therapeutic repurposing. Lastly, the topic of future directions for AAD development is covered. These factors, along with a growing knowledge of the molecular mechanisms behind cardiac arrhythmias, contribute to a cautiously hopeful view of better pharmacological therapy options for individuals with cardiac arrhythmias.

GREEN TOURISM IN CENTRAL ASIA - SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES IN SAMARKAND’S GROWING HOSPITALITY SECTOR

2025-06-03T10:33:11+05:00

Green tourism is a practice that embraces sustainability while protecting the environment, preserving cultural heritage, and ensuring the well-being of local people. Green tourism is rapidly developing in Central Asia, contributing to sustainability by making its cultural heritage and nature more accessible to the public. Samarkand is one of the regions of Uzbekistan that is contributing to the rapid growth of sustainable practices. This study discusses the hospitality sector of Samarkand, which is developing tourism in Central Asia and playing a key role in sustainable practices. At the same time, it highlights the structures being implemented to establish sustainability, the challenges to be overcome, and the strategies to overcome the problems.

RISK FACTORS FOR KIDNEY DAMAGE IN OSTEOPOROSIS WITH HEART FAILURE

2025-06-03T10:36:48+05:00

Recent studies have demonstrated a high risk of kidney damage and associated cardiovascular complications in patients with Osteoporosis which generally determines the prognosis of these patients. However, the frequency of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Osteoporosis in the Uzbekistan cohort of patients has not been precisely established. The unfavorable prognostic significance of kidney damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been actively attracting the attention of researchers in recent years. Certain clinical variants of involvement of the kidneys in the pathological process in rheumatoid arthritis are noted in most patients. Various variants of kidney damage in rheumatoid arthritis are described, in particular, glomerulonephritis, amyloidosis, vasculitis, as well as iatrogenic forms (analgesic tubulopathy, membranous nephropathy, etc.). It is noteworthy that in real clinical
conditions, morphological verification of renal pathology may not be performed for a long time in such patients for a number of objective reasons.

INCREASING URBAN INTERSECTION CAPACITY: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL APPROACHES

2025-06-03T10:40:34+05:00

This article addresses the issues of efficient traffic management and increasing the throughput capacity of urban streets. Particular attention is given to the interaction between traffic intensity, vehicle flow density, and traffic signal cycle duration at signal-controlled intersections. The possibilities of enhancing roadway capacity through coordinated signal control systems are examined using mathematical expressions, graphical nomograms, and empirical data. Furthermore, the article explores vehicle movement patterns, queue discharge intervals, and their dependence on traffic flow composition. The study provides both theoretical and practical foundations for urban transport system design and planning.

DRUGS THAT REDUCE GASTRIC SECRETION, THE NEED AND PROSPECTS FOR THEIR USE

2025-06-03T10:43:24+05:00

The most common treatment for GERD is still medical therapy. Although interest in GERD drug development has decreased in recent years, mainly because most proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been converted to generic and over-the-counter compounds, there are still many unmet needs in GERD. Potent histamine type 2 receptor antagonists, extended release PPIs, PPI combinations, potassium-competitive acid blockers, prokinetics, mucosal protectants, and esophageal pain modulators have been the focus of drug development. It is likely that these compounds will be niched for specific unmet needs in GERD rather than
competing with the currently available anti-reflux therapies. Due to their strong inhibition of gastric acid output, PPIs are frequently used to treat acid-related conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease and to potentially prevent ulcers
caused by aspirin or NSAIDs.

THE ANALYSIS OF COLOR-RELATED UNITS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK PHRASES

2025-06-03T10:46:36+05:00

This article explores the semantic and cultural characteristics of color concepts found in idiomatic expressions in English and Uzbek. Colors are analyzed not only as descriptive elements but also as important carriers of cultural connotation. The study examines how color-related phrases reflect national mentality and spiritual values

THE ARABIC LANGUAGE: A GATEWAY TO CIVILIZATION, CULTURE, AND MODERNITY

2025-06-03T10:51:35+05:00

This article explores the profound global significance of the Arabic language. We delve into its historical prominence as the language of sacred texts and scientific advancements during the Islamic Golden Age. The analysis highlights its distinctive linguistic features, such as the triliteral root system and the concept of diglossia. Furthermore, we examine Arabic's contemporary
standing as an official language in numerous countries and a key language of the UN. Special attention is given to its influence on other cultures and its ongoing relevance in modern education and intercultural dialogue. This article ultimately underscores the enduring importance of Arabic as a bridge connecting past and present, providing access to a rich civilizational and cultural heritage.

PENGUINS AND THEIR LIFESTYLE

2025-05-28T17:08:08+05:00

The order Sphenisciformes (penguins) consists of aquatic,
flightless birds that are excellent swimmers and divers. They are primarily found in
the Southern Hemisphere, especially along the coasts of Antarctica, South America,
Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. Penguins typically live in colonies. On land, due
to the unique structure of their body and limbs, they may appear somewhat
awkward. Their bodies are relatively streamlined, slightly compressed laterally, and
covered in feathers. Penguins have strong and very sharp beaks.

CURRENT ISSUES IN TRAINING ARABIC SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETERS

2025-05-28T16:35:18+05:00

This article analyzes the current issues and modern approaches in
the training process for specialists performing simultaneous interpretation from/into
Arabic. It emphasizes that simultaneous interpreting is an extremely complex
cognitive process, and features specific to the Arabic language, such as diglossia,
dialect diversity, and cultural specifics, create additional challenges in interpreter
training. The article highlights the core competencies (linguistic, cognitive,
communicative, cultural) that need to be developed in future interpreters, effective
methods for organizing the training process (simulation, use of technology, specific
exercises), and assessment criteria, based on scientific research and international
experience from the last 10 years

EFFECTIVE METHODS FOR DEVELOPING LISTENING COMPREHENSION SKILLS IN TEACHING ARABIC

2025-05-28T16:37:23+05:00

This article analyzes effective and modern methods for developing
listening comprehension (auding) skills for students learning the Arabic language.
The central role of listening comprehension in communicative competence, its
nature as a cognitive process, and the difficulties arising from the specific features
of the Arabic language are highlighted. The article discusses evidence-based
approaches, including the use of metacognitive strategies, purposeful use of
authentic materials and digital technologies (CALL), and effective methods such as
Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT), based on scientific literature and practical
experiences from the last 10 years.

DEVELOPING LISTENING COMPREHENSION SKILLS IN ARABIC LANGUAGE LESSONS

2025-05-28T16:39:34+05:00

This article examines modern approaches and methodological
aspects of developing listening comprehension (auding) skills for students learning
the Arabic language. The role of listening comprehension in communicative
competence and the difficulties arising due to the specific phonetic, lexicalgrammatical, and socio-cultural features of the Arabic language are analyzed. The
article highlights modern pedagogical strategies aimed at effectively developing
listening comprehension skills, including new interpretations of pre-listening, whilelistening, and post-listening exercises, the use of authentic and digital resources, and
the integration of technologies, based on recent academic literature

THE INTERRELATION OF SACRED, SECULAR AND DESECULAR CONCEPTS

2025-05-28T16:41:42+05:00

This article analyzes the meaning, historical formation, and
complex interrelation of the concepts of sacred, secular, and desecular, which hold
significant importance in socio-philosophical thought. The article elucidates the
main tenets ofsecularization theory, its position relative to the sacred, and the impact
of desecularization processes observed in the modern world on the secular paradigm.
Through the dialectic of mutual necessity and contradiction between these concepts,
the dynamics of religious and secular values in society are revealed

INTERACTIVE PLATFORMS AND APPLICATIONS FOR LEARNING RUSSIAN GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY

2025-05-28T16:43:54+05:00

This article examines the role and effectiveness of using modern
interactive platforms and mobile applications in the process of learning Russian
grammar and vocabulary, both as a foreign and native language. The advantages of
these technologies are analyzed, such as increased motivation, personalized
learning, accessibility, and the possibility of immediate feedback. Various types of
platforms are considered: comprehensive learning systems, applications for
memorizing words, grammar trainers, and game services. Examples of popular
resources (Duolingo, Memrise, Quizlet, Busuu, LearningApps, etc.) are provided,
and their didactic potential is assessed. Possible limitations and methodological
aspects of integrating digital tools into the educational process are also discussed.

SERIOUS COMPLICATIONS OF CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS AND THE URGENCY OF THEIR CONTROL

2025-05-28T16:46:01+05:00

One of the new public health issues that requires immediate
attention is viral hepatitis. The disease can advance from an unintentional discovery
to potentially fatal disorders such liver cirrhosis, and its appearance varies at the time
of diagnosis. It is one of the uncommon disorders that can cause the body to become
inflamed for a long time and may not show symptoms right away. It makes a
significant contribution to the worldwide healthcare burden. The burden of viral
hepatitis is comparable to that of HIV and tuberculosis in terms of mortality. Viral
hepatitis causes 1.4 million deaths every year. The WHO set an ambitious goal to
eradicate viral hepatitis by 2030, but there are still many obstacles to overcome, such
as disparities in healthcare access, reaching at-risk populations, and providing access
to screening and effective treatment. The stigma associated with viral hepatitis still
exists and needs to be addressed. The WHO goal of global elimination by 2030 is a
commendable goal, but it is still ambitious, and the coronavirus 2019 pandemic has
definitely halted progress. This review article will focus on hepatitis A to E,
highlighting issues that have been resolved in the field over the past ten years, those
that still need to be resolved, and providing recommendations for future research
and problem solving. Along with other infectious diseases like HIV, malaria, and
tuberculosis, it is one of the biggest global public health concerns. The main
distinction is that, particularly in underdeveloped nations, there are relatively few
preventive approaches for viral hepatitis. It has the potential to become the next
hidden pandemic because to its diverse presenting levels, lack of resources for
diagnosis and treatment, and rapidly growing burden. The authors of the current
review sought to gather the existing worldwide hepatitis prevention methods, disease
surveillance procedures, and key findings from the national hepatitis control
program in order to provide some recommendations

THE NEGATIVE ROLE OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA IN THE PRACTICE OF SURGICAL DISEASES AND THE URGENCY OF COMBATING IT

2025-05-28T16:48:07+05:00

With a very big genome and remarkable genetic aptitude, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa is an aerobic, rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium that can survive in
a wide range of settings and withstand a wide range of physical circumstances.
Because of its biological adaptability, P. aeruginosa is a major cause of infections
linked to healthcare across the globe and can cause a wide variety of illnesses in
people with severe underlying medical disorders. The majority of P. aeruginosa's
clinical presentations are community-acquired and healthcare-associated infections.
Numerous virulence factors that P. aeruginosa possesses work against the host's
defenses. In order to combat the majority of antibiotic classes, it can cause direct
harm to host tissue while leveraging high levels of acquired and inherent
antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. A major treatment problem is P. aeruginosa's
ability to co-regulate numerous resistance mechanisms by constantly shifting
targets. Therefore, new methods for creating anti-Pseudomonas drugs are
desperately needed. Here, we go over the main P. aeruginosa infections and talk
about new treatment approaches that could be developed for clinical usage to address
antibiotic resistance and P. aeruginosa infections. Vectored immunoprophylaxis
(VIP), an alternative to conventional vaccinations, uses a safe and efficient adenoassociated virus (AAV) gene therapy vector to generate therapeutic monoclonal
antibodies (mAbs) at sustained levels in vivo from a single intramuscular injection.
We will highlight AAV-VIP as a promising innovative therapeutic platform, address
current and emerging treatment methods for P. aeruginosa infections, and give an
overview of P. aeruginosa biology and important pathogenic pathways in this
review

CULTURAL COOPERATION BETWEEN SOUTH KOREA AND JAPAN

2025-05-28T16:50:05+05:00

This paper examines the evolving dynamics of cultural cooperation and
tourism between South Korea and Japan in the 21st century. Despite political
tensions and a complex historical legacy, the two nations have developed robust
frameworks for cultural exchange and people-to-people diplomacy, particularly
through pop culture, academic initiatives, and sustainable tourism. This study
explores key areas of bilateral cultural collaboration, current trends in tourism, and
the socio-political implications of this soft power engagement, drawing on case
studies, recent statistics, and policy initiatives. The paper concludes with a
discussion on future directions and policy recommendations for strengthening
bilateral cultural tourism.

RARE BIRDS ENTERED IN THE "RED BOOK" IN UZBEKISTAN

2025-05-28T16:53:16+05:00

This article discusses the life of birds in Uzbekistan, which are
included in the “Red Book”. The Republic of Uzbekistan is famous for its natural
resources, including rare and endangered bird species. Birds play an important role
not only in maintaining the stability of the ecosystem, but also in combating pests in
agriculture. Unfortunately, due to human activity and changes in the natural
environment, many bird species are under threat of extinction. Therefore, the
government of Uzbekistan has included some of them in the “Red Book”

THE MOST UNIQUE SWAN SPECIES IN THE WORLD

2025-05-28T16:55:51+05:00

Swans (Cygnus), swans are large birds of the goose family. Their
neck is equal to the length of the body. Their feathers are often white. There are 3
species in Uzbekistan. Mute swans are distinguished from other species by a black
crest on their beak. Their body length is 180 cm, their weight is 13 kg. They nest in
areas from Western Europe to the Pacific Ocean. Whooper swans have a body length
of up to 160 cm, their weight is up to 12 kg. They are distributed in areas from the
Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. Lesser swans have a body length of up to 120
cm, their weight is up to 7 kg; they live mainly in the tundra; they nest in reed beds
on the shores of freshwater lakes, sometimes in the sea. The female of Lesser swans
lays 5-12 eggs and incubates for 35-40 days. Swans swim and fly very well; feeds
on plants, small aquatic animals.

STRUCTURE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF RODENTS LIVING IN THE DESERT

2025-05-28T16:58:38+05:00

This article examines the anatomical and physiological
adaptations of desert-dwelling rodents, their ecological roles, and their impact on
ecosystems. These rodents have evolved to survive in conditions of water scarcity,
extreme temperatures, and limited food resources. Their unique morphological
features, such as elongated hind limbs, enlarged auditory canals, and compact body
shapes, enhance their adaptation to harsh environments. Moreover, they contribute
significantly to ecosystem stability by improving soil fertility, dispersing plant
seeds, and serving as key components of food chains.

ECOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF WATERBIRDS FOUND IN UZBEKITAN

2025-05-28T17:01:24+05:00

The water bodies and wetlands of Uzbekistan provide habitats
for a wide variety of waterfowl species. These birds inhabit swamps, lakes, rivers,
and artificial reservoirs. More than 100 species of waterfowl have been recorded in
Uzbekistan, including herons, cormorants, swans, ducks, geese, and gulls. These
birds play a crucial role in the ecosystem by maintaining the ecological balance of
aquatic environments. However, their population and distribution are affected by
anthropogenic factors, climate change, and habitat degradation. Therefore,
ecological research is being conducted in Uzbekistan to protect waterfowl and
improve their habitats

SPECIES OF POISONOUS SNAKES FOUND IN UZBEKISTAN

2025-05-28T17:03:51+05:00

This article proviges information about poisonous snakes found
in Uzbekistan. The biological characteristics of snakes, their habitat, level of toxicity
and impact on human health are analyzed. Also, frist aid methods and preventive
measures in casre of snake bites are described. The article also discusses the role of
poisonous snakes in the local ecosystem, their protection, and their relationship with
humans. This study provides scientific and practical information about snakes and
helos to understand their importance in nature.

ENDANGERED MAMMALS IN UZBEKISTAN

2025-05-28T17:05:58+05:00

This article discusses the problem of endangered mammals. It
analyzes the factors that contribute to the decline in the number of these animals,
including habitat loss, climate change, poaching, and other negative impacts of
human activity. It also provides information on international and local measures to
protect mammals, protected areas, and recovery programs. The article draws
attention to current issues related to nature conservation and calls on biologists,
ecologists, and the general public to find solutions to this problem

10 RULES OF TABLE TENNIS

2025-05-28T16:33:00+05:00

This article examines 10 key rules of table tennis based on the
official rules of the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF). It covers the main
aspects of the game, including the serve, return, order of play, scoring points, lets,
rules for touching the table and net, equipment requirements, and the expedite
system. The article aims to familiarize both beginners and more experienced players
with the fundamental rules to ensure fair and competent play. The significance of
each rule is analyzed, and examples of its application are provided

ECOLOGY OF MAMMALS AND THEIR IMPORTANCE IN NATURE

2025-05-28T17:10:29+05:00

Mammals are one of the important components of ecological
systems, they play a major role in maintaining the food chain and ecosystem
balance in nature. This article analyzes the ecological aspects of mammals, such as
their habitat, population dynamics, and the impact of human activity. It also
discusses their importance in the biosphere, including their impact on plant
pollination, soil fertility, and other animal populations. Measures to protect
mammals and preserve biodiversity are also considered. The article highlights the
role of mammals in the natural environment and their importance in ensuring
ecological stability

DIVERSITY AND IMPORTANCE OF THE INSECT CLASS

2025-05-28T17:14:03+05:00

This article is devoted to the study of the diversity and
importance of the class Insecta, considering the interactions, diversity, and
ecological and economic importance of insects in various ecological systems and
environments. Insects are the most numerous species of organisms on Earth, and
their adaptations to living in various environments play an important role in natural
ecosystems. This article discusses the relationships of insects with pollination, crops
and plants, their role in agriculture, as well as their harmful and beneficial aspects.
Insects also form important links in maintaining ecological stability and ensure
biological diversification

INCLUSIVE EDUCATION – A GATEWAY TO BROAD OPPORTUNITIES

2025-05-28T17:16:10+05:00

This article discusses the concept and significance of inclusive education,
emphasizing its foundation on human rights, social equity, and the principles of
justice. It is based on the idea that "the cause of limited opportunities is not a physical
impairment, but social inequality." The paper analyzes the importance of ensuring
equal access to education for persons with disabilities and the role of society in
removing barriers. Moreover, it highlights the efforts undertaken in Uzbekistan to
implement inclusive education, explores international best practices, and examines
pedagogical approaches aimed at fostering inclusive learning environments.

ESTABLISHING A HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT AMONG MEMBERS OF THE PEDAGOGICAL COMMUNITY ON THE BASIS OF FOREIGN EXPERIENCE

2025-05-28T17:18:22+05:00

This article briefly analyzes the importance of studying world experience
in improving the professional activities of teachers and the structure, experience and
modern educational programs of advanced foreign education systems such as Japan,
Germany, France, and the USA. Also, the achievements of the education system and
educational standards are monitored.

FACTORS OF SOCIAL STIGMATIZATION HINDERING THE INTEGRATION OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES INTO SOCIETY

2025-05-28T17:20:30+05:00

The integration of persons with disabilities (PWDs) into modern society is
often obstructed by persistent social stigmas that manifest in various forms—
cultural, institutional, and interpersonal. This article investigates the key factors of
stigmatization and their implications for the educational, professional, and social
inclusion of PWDs. Using qualitative and theoretical methods, including examples
from Uzbekistan, the study highlights the deep-rooted stereotypes and
discriminatory practices that hinder the realization of inclusive policies. The findings
suggest that overcoming stigmatization requires systemic reform, awareness
campaigns, and a shift in societal perceptions regarding disability.

PECULIARITIES OF CONSTRUCTIVISM IN THE STYLE OF SCIENTIFIC THINKING

2025-05-28T17:22:34+05:00

This article explores the influence of constructivist philosophy on the style of
scientific thinking, focusing on epistemological and methodological dimensions.
Constructivism challenges the objectivist ideal of science by emphasizing the active
role of the subject in the construction of knowledge. Drawing from key thinkers such
as Thomas Kuhn, Imre Lakatos, and Paul Feyerabend, the paper analyzes how
scientific paradigms, research programmes, and methodological pluralism reflect
constructivist tendencies. Furthermore, the article highlights recent contributions
from Uzbek philosophers such as Sh. Rakhmatullayev and R. Allaberganov, who
have examined the cultural and linguistic foundations of scientific knowledge in the
post-Soviet context. The study demonstrates that constructivism fosters a flexible
and dynamic understanding of scientific development, relevant to both global and
regional philosophical discourses.

PATTERNS OF THE INTERRELATION BETWEEN COGNITIVENESS AND NON-COGNITIVENESS IN THINKING STYLE

2025-05-28T17:24:42+05:00

This paper investigates the interrelationship between cognitive and noncognitive factors within thinking style. It emphasizes the dynamic interplay
between reasoning, emotion, values, and cultural influences, proposing a holistic
model that integrates both dimensions. Drawing on philosophical, psychological,
and educational perspectives, the study explores how these elements shape
decision-making and creativity. Empirical evidence from the Uzbek educational
context illustrates the relevance of integrating cultural and emotional factors in
the development of thinking skills. The findings highlight the need for an
educational approach that nurtures cognitive flexibility through the interaction
of reason and emotion

SEVEN BEAUTIFUL FIGURES IN NIZOMIY GANJAVIY’S EPIC POEM “HAFT PAYKAR

2025-05-28T17:27:12+05:00

This article focuses on the seven beauties in the epic poem “Haft Paykar”,
which is part of the “Panj Ganj”, written by Nizomiy Ganjaviy, one of the great
thinker of persian-tajik literature, and which summarizes the fate and spiritual
development of the king named Bahrom Goʻr, whose name is mentioned in
Firdavsiy’s “Shohnoma”.

METHODOLOGY OF USING COLLABORATIVE TEACHING TECHNOLOGIES BASED ON THE 5E EDUCATIONAL MODEL IN TEACHING THE SUBJECT OF "HIGHER NERVOUS ACTIVITY"

2025-05-28T17:29:57+05:00

This article discusses the methods of involving students in learning
activities and developing their cognitive competence based on the integration of 5E
educational models in teaching the topic “HIGH NERVOUS ACTIVITY”
Keywords. 5E educational model, involvement, discovery, explanation,
reinforcement, assessment, competence, knowledge, competence, skills

ANALYSIS OF INNOVATIONS AND MODERN TRENDS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE ACTIVITIES OF INSURANCE COMPANIES

2025-05-28T17:32:50+05:00

In today's globalized and competitive economy, the introduction of innovative
approaches and modern trends in the effective management of the activities of
insurance companies is of great importance. The insurance sector is of strategic
importance not only in managing financial risks, but also in creating economic
guarantees for the population and business entities. The reforms being implemented
in Uzbekistan, in particular within the framework of the "Uzbekistan - 2030"
strategy, are aimed at transforming the financial market into a competitive and stable
system.

PROBLEMS OF FORMATION OF INTELLECTUAL POTENTIAL AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE

2025-05-28T17:35:29+05:00

This article highlights the criteria and problems of managerial
capabilities and tasks of the state in society in the formation of the intellectual
potential of young people. The activity of the state in the formation of the intellectual
potential of society is analyzed. Abstract: In this state, criteria I of the problem of
opportunities I of the task of public administration in the community for the
formation of the intellectual potential of young people are seen. The activity of the
state in the formation of the intellectual potential of society is analyzed. This is an
article about the criteria and problems of opportunities and tasks of public
administration in a society for the formation of the intellectual potential of young
people. In 1997, he defended his dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
on the topic "formation of the intellectual potential of society"

BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF TOXIC AND POISONOUS ANIMALS

2025-06-03T08:59:46+05:00

This article discusses the biological properties of toxic and poisonous animals, their mechanisms of venom secretion, and their ecological significance. The impact of toxic and poisonous animals on human life, their protective mechanisms, and their role in nature are highlighted based on the results of scientific research.

ANALYSIS OF INNOVATIONS AND MODERN TRENDS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE ACTIVITIES OF INSURANCE COMPANIES

2025-06-03T09:02:03+05:00

In today's globalized and competitive economy, the introduction of innovative approaches and modern trends in the effective management of the activities of insurance companies is of great importance. The insurance sector is of strategic importance not only in managing financial risks, but also in creating economic guarantees for the population and business entities. The reforms being implemented in Uzbekistan, in particular within the framework of the "Uzbekistan - 2030" strategy, are aimed at transforming the financial market into a competitive and stable system.