THE CONCEPT OF “LOYALTY”: A SEMANTIC AND PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES

Abstract

This paper explores the semantic and pragmatic dimensions of the concept of “loyalty” in English and its lexical and cultural equivalent “sadoqat” in Uzbek. Loyalty, as a deeply embedded moral and social value, functions both as a personal virtue and a socio-political ideal in many societies. The study identifies the core meanings, connotations, and contextual uses of the term in both languages, drawing on lexicographical sources, cultural texts, and discourse analysis. While loyalty in English often conveys allegiance to individuals, institutions, or causes— emphasizing rational commitment or legal obligation—sadoqat in Uzbek embodies emotional sincerity, moral devotion, and spiritual fidelity, particularly in interpersonal and religious contexts