DIABETES INSIPIDUS, ITS MEDICAL SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE AND MEDICATIONS USED FOR TREATMENT

Abstract

Diabetes Insipidus (DI) can be caused by either tubular unresponsiveness (nephrogenic) or insufficient arginine vasopressin secretion (central). Drug-induced DI is a well-known condition that can be caused by a wide range of drugs. In general, adults who produce more than three liters of pee each day are said to have polyuria. To avoid electrolyte imbalances and the resulting mortality and morbidity, it is essential to determine the cause of diabetes insipidus and to start treatment as soon as feasible. An idiosyncratic response with a brief medicine dose is extremely uncommon, and doctors should be aware of this issue to prevent volume depletion. Diabetes insipidus is difficult to diagnose because it depends on test results, urine production, and the patient's physical examination. Treatment should begin with a high clinical suspicion of diabetic insipidus. The electrolyte imbalance
that might impact the normal physiology of several organ systems is primarily responsible for the problems associated with DI. Maintaining fluid intake before fluid loss, with a focus on maintaining quality of life, is the most crucial stage in symptom management. Desmopressin (DDAVP), a synthetic ADH, is the most often used treatment for CDI and gestational DI. Although more difficult, nephrogenic treatment involves stopping drugs and eating a diet that is good for the kidneys to avoid hypernatremia. The primary methods of treating dipsogenic DI are behavioral therapy that focuses on controlling water intake and/or the use of antipsychotic medications. Thiazide diuretics treat central and nephrogenic subtypes of DI in a paradoxical way.